Stores excess solar production for use at night or during grid outages. Common options: Tesla Powerwall 3 (13.5 kWh, $11,000–$14,000 installed), Enphase IQ Battery (3–10 kWh modular, $4,000–$10,000), Franklin aPower ($9,000–$12,000). Battery incentives: qualifies for 30% federal tax credit if charged primarily by solar. ROI is driven by outage frequency and utility time-of-use rates.
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solar battery